In today's era when the amount of information and data is growing like crazy, the object called (that is, 10 Gigabit optical backbone wiring) is becoming more important! It is like the most important main roads in the information highway, and it is responsible for the critical task of transmitting huge amounts of data from here to there and ensuring that the entire network system can run smoothly like a machine with lubricating oil. Many people may think this thing is quite profound. In fact, it is a backbone network infrastructure built with ultra-extreme bandwidth and ultra-low latency characteristics using optical cables that are particularly capable of carrying and transmitting at a fast speed as the main transmission medium.
1. ### Basic concepts and core advantages
The meaning of level is actually simply that its data transmission rate can reach tens of trillions of bits per second. Compared with the gigabit and 100 Gigabit networks we used to use, the speed is simply rising on a rocket. It is not a little bit, but hundreds of times more
Single-mode optical fiber as thin as a hair is used as the transmission medium. The attenuation of this thing is almost negligible, so it can support signal transmission at a very long distance. At the farthest time, it can reach dozens of kilometers without any relay equipment; and its ability to resist electromagnetic interference is not ordinary, and it can work well in places with relatively complex environments and electromagnetic signals flying all over the sky.
The topology of the overall network is usually designed to be ring-shaped or mesh-shaped. This design has many benefits. In case of a section of the line failure, the data can be automatically found and walked around immediately, just like the water flow will automatically turn when encountering a stone, which greatly improves the reliability and redundancy of the entire network, ensuring that the network will not be completely stopped because of a little problem.
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2. ### Key technical points disassembly-
The choice of optical modules is a big problem. You need to use high-speed optical modules that support (coherent optical communication) technology, such as those 100G, 200G, 400G and even the latest 800G QSFP-DD/OSFP type modules. This module can transmit multiple optical signals of different wavelengths on a single optical fiber at the same time, just like several lanes are opened on a road, greatly improving the efficiency of optical fiber usage.
The selection of optical cables is also negligible. You must choose the G.652D or G.654E model optical cable with particularly low attenuation coefficient, especially good dispersion and bandwidth parameters. If the network transmission distance is particularly long and the requirements are particularly high, you must consider using an optical cable segment with optical amplification function such as an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (the device called EDFA) which is a good choice, which can make the weakened optical signal strong again.
Network debugging and management are also a meticulous job. Professional OTDR (optical time domain reflector) must be used to accurately test the specific link status of the optical cable, including the length of the optical cable, whether the loss is large, and whether there are breakpoints. At the same time, it must be equipped with an SDN (software-defined network) controller with powerful network management functions, so that the entire backbone network can be intelligently managed and dynamic resource scheduling, and adjust it as you want, which is very convenient.
3. ### Share practical skills for deployment
When planning the routing, you should go to the site for detailed surveys, try to design the optical cable lines straight, and reduce unnecessary bending and detours, because although the optical cable is flexible, too many bends and sharp bends will affect the transmission effect of the optical signal; and in places that are prone to external forces, such as under the main road and at the entrance of the building, the optical cable must be worn with thick steel pipes or high-strength PE protective sleeves, just like putting a layer of sturdy armor on the optical cable to prevent it from being damaged by accident.
When doing welding work, the operator must undergo strict professional training and obtain the corresponding qualification certificate before he can take up the job. The environment must be kept clean and tidy during welding and there must be no too much dust. After welding, the welding loss must be controlled within 0.08dB to be considered qualified. Each fiber core must be carefully tested with a bare fiber tester to ensure that there is no problem before continuing with the next step of work.
The management of the label looks small, but it is also particularly critical. Each optical cable and each optical fiber patch panel port must be labeled with a clear and unique label. The detailed information of the optical cable originated from, where it is to go, which day it was laid, and which specific link ID belongs to. In this way, whether it is maintenance or troubleshooting in the future, you can see it clearly at a glance, so that you will not be blind.
4. ### FAQ session—
Q: The 10G Optical Backbone Link has been deployed. I feel that the bandwidth is not enough during use. Can I still upgrade it?
A: Of course, you can upgrade! If a system using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology can be used, the transmission bandwidth of the entire link can be easily increased by continuously increasing the number of new optical channels, or the original low-speed optical module used is honestly replaced with higher speed optical modules, such as replacing a 100G module with 400G, and re-laying the optical cable without having to work hard to improve the transmission bandwidth of the entire link. However, one thing to remember is that you have to confirm in advance whether the fiber infrastructure currently used can support such high module transmission requirements
Q: During daily maintenance, how to detect whether the optical cable is damaged in time
A: The most effective way is to conduct OTDR tests on optical cables regularly. Generally speaking, it is almost the same as metropolitan area networks test once a quarter. It is best to test them once a month for long-distance trunk lines. You can also set some key performance thresholds in the network management system (the platform called NMS), such as the change amplitude of optical power, the bit error rate, etc. Once you find that these values exceed the preset normal range, the system will automatically issue an alarm message and remind relevant personnel to deal with it quickly.
I personally think it is an important part of the future large-scale data centers and some important national information infrastructure construction. When choosing manufacturers and products, you must carefully compare the technical parameters of different suppliers and the project cases they have done in the past. Never choose products that are not of quality just for a short time, otherwise you will have endless troubles during use and it will be too late to regret it!
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